Unmanned supply delivery aircraft

ABSTRACT

A heavy payload, autonomous UAV able to deliver supply by way of airdrop with more precision and at a lower cost. The UAV is equipped with two movable wing systems that rotate from a stowed position to a deployed position upon jettison of the UAV from a mothership. The UAV can be controlled remotely or it can operate autonomously and the movable wings can include ailerons to effectuate flight control of the UAV. The UAV can be reusable or can be an expendable UAV.

This application is a Continuation-in-Part application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/198,946, filed on Jun. 30, 2016, which claimsthe benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/187,778, filed onJul. 1, 2015, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an air delivery unmanned aircraftsystem.

Discussion of the Related Art

The ability to provide supplies in remote areas has always been aproblem. Current supply methods typically involve convoys and air supplymethods. However, providing an accurate delivery of supply can be verychallenging and expensive.

The most accurate method of delivery has always been by landtransportation. This methodology faces a number of challenges when thedestination is in remote or potentially hazardous areas. Aside for theexpense of the delivery and the time it takes, land transportation canalso be subject to assaults, ambush or exposure to improvised explosivedevices along the way.

Air transportation can solve some of the above issues related with landtransport, however, it is still very expensive and often timesimpractical depending on the location in which delivery is to be made.For example, this method can be impractical in places with densevegetation and many canals and rivers. The landscape can make itdifficult or even impossible at times for an aircraft to land. Airdroprequires a low flying aircraft that can be impractical in someinstances. Also, the accuracy of providing supply via airdrop can oftenbe less than desirable and inconsistent. Joint Precision Airdrop System“JPADS” is a current program of the U.S. Military that employs GPSsteerable parachutes to attempt to guide heavy air dropped items from acargo aircraft such as the C-5, C-17, C-130, or from heavy lifthelicopters such as the V-22 and CH-53. JPADS is known to cost on theorder of $30,000 per drop, and the limitations of steering a parachutethrough varied weather systems and from various drop altitudes hascaused numerous payloads meant to resupply troops to become lost,damaged or inaccessible. A number of military personnel have becomeinjured and killed during the process of searching for and retrievingitems delivered via such steerable parachute drops. Accordingly, theU.S. Government has indicated an interest in increasing the accuracy ofsuch troop resupply capabilities while simultaneously reducing the costof such deliveries as much as tenfold. Many civil organizations havealso expressed an interest in being able to precisely delivery heavypayloads of resupply materials such as during national disasters fromairborne delivery platforms which obviate the need for landing zones,airports, ground transportation or to avoid such things as penetratinganother nation's national borders while still being able to deliverrelief supplies to such a nation from a safe, airborne standoff distanceand altitude. Other relief missions such as stranded hikers, disabledships, boats, or sailing vessels present logistical rescue difficultieswhere it is desirable to have the ability to precisely provide immediateemergency relief supplies, equipment, food, water, medical equipmentsuch as medicines, oxygen, cardiac defibrillators and the like, or bilgepumps, life rafts and other equipment to prevent a vessel from sinkingor to save the lives of people aboard a stricken vessel.

With the above problems in mind, it is needed a more efficient and costeffective method of providing supply that avoids one or more of theabove stated problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention is directed to an air deliveryunmanned aircraft system that substantially obviates one or more of theproblems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.

An advantage of the present invention is that it provides a costeffective, safe and accurate supply delivery system.

Another advantage is that it provides a cargo container that containsfolded wings and can quickly and easily be deployed for tacticalresupply or disaster relief.

Still another advantage of the present invention is that it provides aneasily deployable supply delivery aircraft that may be deployed from alarge variety of cargo rotorcraft and fixed wing aircraft at variousaltitudes.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth inthe description which follows, and in part will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Theobjectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized andattained by the structure particularly pointed out in the writtendescription and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purposeof the present invention, as embodied and broadly described, an unmanneddelivery aircraft including a fuselage cargo container. The fuselagecargo container having a lid and a fuselage portion, a front pivotingwing system connected to the lid, a rear pivoting wing system connectedto the lid, a guidance control system, and one or more flight controlsoperable by the guidance control system. Each of the front and rearpivoting wing assemblies can pivot from a stowed position to a deployedposition. The front and rear pivoting wing systems can each include twopivoting wings. The lid can be detachably connected to the fuselageportion. At least one latch can secure the lid to the fuselage portion,which can include one or more handles. The fuselage cargo container canbe airtight. Each pivoting wing system can also include a movable flightcontrol surface. At least one actuator on each wing system can be usedto move the flight control surface for that wing system. One or moretorsion springs can be located at a pivot point of at least one of thefront and rear wing systems. An extension spring may connect oneindividual wing from the front wing system to one individual wing fromthe rear wing system such that the spring force pulls the connectedwings open in opposite directions. The guidance control system can beoperated in autonomous or manual modes. One or more static lines can beattached to the front and rear wing systems to trigger their deployment.A nose cone can be detachably connected to the fuselage cargo container.All or a portion of the guidance control system can be located insidethe nose cone. The first and second pivoting wing systems can consist offour total wings that each pivot 90 degrees between stowed and deployedpositions.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, asbroadly described an unmanned delivery aircraft having a fuselage. Thefuselage can include a lid detachably connected to the fuselage. Theaircraft can further include at least two wings pivotally connected toopposing ends of the lid, at least a torsion spring located at a pivotpoint of the at least two wings on each end, and a guidance controlsystem.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, asbroadly described an unmanned supply delivery aircraft having a fuselagecapable of storing supplies, at least four pivoting wings connected to alid, the lid detachably connected to the fuselage, the wings each havinga stowed position and a deployed position. The aircraft may also have aguidance control system and one or more flight controls operable by theguidance control system. The at least four wings can pivot from thestowed position to the deployed position after being jettisoned from themothership. The guidance control system operates the at least one flightcontrol during flight. The fuselage can be a mobile storage case havingprovisions to be easily moved after landing. The mobile storage case canhave at least one of carrying handles, wheels, and channels toaccommodate forklift skids. Two of the aircraft's four pivoting wingscan be the front wings and two of the pivoting wings can be the rearwings. The pivoting wings can be restrained in the stowed position andspring loaded towards the deployed position. The guidance control systemcan be autonomous. A ground-sensing device such as a laser altimeter cansignal the aircraft to begin to flare prior to landing.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, asbroadly described an unmanned aerial vehicle including a fuselage ableto store supply, a movable wing system in which one or more wings can bemoved from a stowed position to a deployed position, a guidance controlsystem, and flight controls. It is to be understood that both theforegoing general description and the following detailed description areexemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide furtherexplanation of the invention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention andtogether with the description serve to explain the principles of theinvention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a wings deployed view of an exemplary embodiment of the UAV ofthe present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith the pivoting wings attached to the underside of the lid in a stowedposition for transportation.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith handles inserted in the lid and latches holding the lid to thefuselage in the open position.

FIG. 4 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith the lid raised from the fuselage exposing the four pivoting wingsin the stowed position.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith the lid set aside and cargo bulkheads and nosecone componentsremoved from the fuselage for assembly.

FIG. 6 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith cargo bulkheads installed in the fuselage and the fuselage ready toreceive cargo for tactical resupply or disaster relief.

FIG. 7 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith nose cone components being installed into place on the fuselage.

FIG. 8 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith the lid reinstalled on the fuselage, but in the wings up position.

FIG. 9 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith nose cone details.

FIG. 10 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith static line details.

FIG. 11 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith a cutaway view of an exemplary wing deployment mechanism.

FIG. 12 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith static lines shown and ready for deployment from a cargo fixed-wingaircraft or rotorcraft.

FIG. 13 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith front and rear wings shown in a partially deployed position.

FIG. 14 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith front and rear wings shown in in a more partially deployedposition.

FIG. 15 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith front and rear wings shown in the fully deployed position and withthe aircraft in flying orientation.

FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of thepresent invention with an alternate wing stack order.

FIG. 17 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith an alternate wing deployment mechanism.

FIGS. 18A-18B illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of thepresent invention with one front wing and one rear wing shown opposingeach other to illustrate a diagonal extension spring deploymentembodiment.

FIG. 19 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith the one front wing and one rear wing shown partially overlappingeach other as they would when installed in their respective stowedpositions on the lid to illustrate a diagonal extension springdeployment embodiment.

FIG. 20 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith the one front wing and one rear wing shown partially deployed toillustrate a diagonal extension spring deployment embodiment.

FIG. 21 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith the one front wing and one rear wing shown fully deployed in theirrespective positions on the lid to illustrate a diagonal extensionspring deployment embodiment and the fuselage and nosecone are includedto provide context.

FIG. 22 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith two front wings and two rear wings shown fully deployed in theirrespective positions on the lid to illustrate the top view of theaircraft in flying condition.

FIGS. 23A-23C are a series of three side views of the UAV with alternatetail treatments.

FIG. 24 is a top view of one wing of the UAV to illustrate a flightcontrol surface connected to a flight control actuator.

FIG. 25 is an exemplary control system used as an autopilot for the UAV.

FIG. 26 is an alternate embodiment with a cylindrical fuselage andnosecone, showing an exemplary placement of a control system andbatteries in the nosecone of the UAV.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to an embodiment of the presentinvention, example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

A wings deployed view of an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of thepresent invention is illustrated in FIG. 1. The exemplary embodiment caninclude an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 100, that can include afuselage 101, a lid 102, a front pivoting wing system 203 includingwings 103 having a front shaft 104, a rear pivoting wing system 205including wings 105 having a rear shaft 106 and mounted to a riser 107,a nose cone 108, optional caster wheels 109, handles 110 and one or morelatches 111 to secure the lid 102 to the fuselage 101. In FIG. 1, thelid 102 is attached to or engaged with the fuselage 101 in a wings-uporientation.

FIG. 2 is a view of the UAV of the present invention with the pivotingwing systems including pivoting wings attached to the underside of thelid 102 in a stowed position and hidden from view inside the fuselage101 for transportation to a theater of operations where the UAV isneeded. In FIG. 2, the lid 102 is attached to the fuselage 101 in awings-down orientation and accordingly, the wings are contained insidethe fuselage 101 and hidden from view.

Each of the front and rear pivoting wing systems 203 and 205 can eachinclude a single pivoting wing. In alternative embodiments, the frontand rear pivoting wing systems 203 and 205 can each include two pivotingwings. In yet alternative embodiments, each pivoting wing system caninclude more than two wings, for example three or four pivoting wings.For illustration purposes only, the description refers to an embodimentin which both pivoting wing systems 203 and 205 each have two pivotingwings 103 and 105 respectively. However, this is only illustrative andshould not be viewed as limiting to the scope of the invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, each pivoting wing of the pivoting wingsystems is attached to the lid. The one or more pivoting wings 103 ofthe front pivoting wing system 203 are attached at a first end portionof the lid. The one or more pivoting wings 105 of the rear pivoting wingsystem 205 are attached to a second end portion of the lid, where thefirst and second ends are opposite ends. As illustrated, the term “endportion” when referring to the lids with regards to the location of theone or more pivoting wings does not require that the wings be located atthe edge of the lid. The term “end portion” is used to indicate an areaspanning from one edge at one end of the lid up to half way to theopposite edge of the lid.

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary set of four lid handles 112 inserted in theends of the lid structure, which may be released from their stowedposition inside the lid structure by releasing one or more latches 111holding the lid to the fuselage. The lid handles 112 may then be used bytwo or more operators to lift the lid 102 up and away from the fuselage101.

FIG. 4 is a view of the lid 102 raised from the fuselage 101 by way ofthe lid handles 112. This view illustrates the novelty of utilizing thelid assembly 113 to both seal the fuselage 101 during transportation aswell as to provide the mounting structure and pivoting mechanism forfront wings 103 and rear wings 105. It can be readily appreciated by aperson practicing the present invention that when the lid assembly 113is installed in a wings-down orientation, the lid 102 performs the roleof a cargo box lid and conveniently houses the wings in an upside-downposition inside the cargo storage area of the fuselage 101 duringtransportation to a theater of operations. Conversely, when the lid 102is installed onto the fuselage in a wings-up orientation, the cargo areaof the fuselage is rendered empty and ready for cargo and supplies to beloaded and the wings are outside of the fuselage 101 and ready fordeployment and subsequent flight.

FIG. 5 is a view with the lid assembly 113 set aside in a wings uporientation and revealing that one or more optional cargo bulkheads 114and nosecone components such as a lower nosecone 115 and upper nosecone116 have been removed from inside the cargo area of the fuselage 101where they occupied space between the lowest-hanging wing and the floorof the cargo storage area and are now available to an operator forassembly into and onto the fuselage 101.

FIG. 6 is a view of the cargo bulkheads 114 installed in the fuselage101. In this configuration, the fuselage 101 is ready to receive cargofor tactical resupply or disaster relief in accordance with theobjectives of the present invention. As illustrated, fuselage 101includes an open side to receive cargo. The lid 102 can engage fuselage101 at the open side. An optional seal 117 may be installed around asealing surface of the fuselage 101 to engage with lid 102 to create anair-tight and/or watertight seal. This is necessary in situations wherea person practicing the present invention desires to have the UAV landin or around water and to float for a period of time after landingduring which time a recovery of the UAV may be performed by therecipients of the resupply or cargo onboard. The fuselage 101 may beconstructed from a variety of materials such as wood and foam sandwichpanels 118 that are mountably located inside a perimeter frame such asmay be constructed from aluminum extrusion 119.

FIG. 7 is a view of lower nosecone 115 being installed into place on thefuselage 101. A hinge pin 120 may be used to matably engage acorresponding hinge pin socket 121 and sides of lower nosecone 115 mayutilize hinges 123 to allow easy folding into position for mounting tothe front end of the fuselage 101. An optional lower window 122 may beprovided in lower nosecone 115 to allow the use of cameras or sensorssuch as infrared, radar, or LiDAR to “see” the ground or other obstaclesduring flight and landing routines for sense and avoid, landing flareinitiation or data acquisition purposes.

FIG. 8 is a view of the fuselage 101 with the lid assembly 113reinstalled on the fuselage in the wings-up position. Upper retainers124 that are similar or identical to hinge pin 120 and hinge pin socket121 may be used to hold the sides of the nosecone 108 in an attachedconfiguration to the fuselage 101.

FIG. 9 is a view of greater nosecone 108 details and shows an uppernosecone 116 with an optional upper window 125 that may be employed sothat a person practicing the present invention can see the status lightsof any navigation or GPS electronics located inside the nosecone 108and/or to provide a clear view of the sky for a GPS receiver or otherelectronics that send and receive signals. The upper window 125 may beattached to the fuselage 101 by retainers 124, which may be configuredas hinges to allow the upper nosecone 116 to be pivotably opened andclosed by an operator.

FIG. 10 is a view of the front end of the UAV showing one or more staticlines 126 that can be used to trigger the wings to spring open duringdeployment. Static lines 126 may be used in conjunction with optionalguides 127 to route them to avoid entanglement during the wing openingsequence or to guide them to a particular end of the UAV where the oneor more static lines 126 may be combined together and attached to acargo aircraft that will be used to jettison the UAV during deployment.

FIG. 11 is a cutaway view of an exemplary wing deployment mechanism ofwing systems 203 and 205. A torsion spring 128 may be used to providespring force to deploy the wings open. A spring-loaded plunger 129 maybe used to lock one or more wings into stowed and deployed positions,which in one embodiment may be 90 degrees rotationally apart from eachother. The spring-loaded plunger 129 engages a stowed hole 130 whichholds at least one wing in the stowed position by counteracting therotational force of the torsion spring 128 until deployment is triggeredsuch as by a static line 126 operating directly on the spring-loadedplunger 129 or on an optional rocker arm 132 depending on theorientation of the wing deployment mechanism. Once triggered, thetorsion spring 128 causes at least one wing to rotate towards a deployedhole 133 located in a lock plate 131. During wing rotation, thespring-loaded plunger 129 is forced into its bore and travels along lockplate 131 until reaching deployed hole 133 where the spring force of theplunger engages the deployed hole 133 in lock plate 131 and causes theat least one wing to stop at the desired location. FIG. 11 also shows aportion of one or more wings construction including a wing skin 134,which may be fiberglass, plastic, heat-shrink plastic or any othermaterial a person practicing the present invention desires to use. Theshape of each wing may be defined by the shape of an inner foam core 135which may have one or more stringer rods 136 for structural andlocational purposes. A wing spar 137 provides strength along the lengthof the wing. The use of spring-loaded plungers 129 is not meant to belimiting. Alternative mechanisms can include latches, pins and othersuch mechanisms to release and then lock the wings between stowed anddeployed positions without departing from the spirit of the presentinvention.

FIG. 12 is a view with static lines 126 shown and ready for deploymentfrom a cargo carrying fixed-wing aircraft or rotorcraft.

As illustrated in FIGS. 13-15, the wings 103 and 105 of the front andrear pivoting wing systems 203 and 205 are configured to rotate betweena stowed position and a deployed position.

FIG. 13 is a view of the UAV of the present invention with front wings103 and rear wings 105 shown in a partially deployed position whilebeing rotated by spring force during a deployment sequence.

FIG. 14 is a view of the UAV of the present invention with front wings103 and rear wings 105 shown in a partially deployed position closer tobeing fully opened while being rotated by spring force during adeployment sequence.

FIG. 15 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith front wings 103 and rear wings 105 shown in the fully deployedposition and with the aircraft in flying orientation.

FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of thepresent invention with an alternate wing stack order. In one embodiment,the wings may alternate in the stack between front and rear wings. In anexemplary embodiment, the two wings 103 of the first pivoting wingsystem 203 are vertically spaced at different elevations relative to thetwo wings 105 of the second pivoting wing system 205. For example, thelowest wing may be a front wing 103, then the next wing is a rear wing105, followed by a front wing 103 and finally a rear wing 105 is the topwing in this figure. The advantage of this alternating stack is that thelowest front wing 103 is adjacent to a rear wing 105 which allows adiagonally placed extension spring to tie the two wings together for avery efficient and high force wing opening arrangement. Accordingly, theupper two wings are similarly connected by a second extension springthat acts to pull both towards their respective open positionssimultaneously as is illustrated with more particularity in FIGS. 18-21.

FIG. 17 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith an alternate wing deployment mechanism. A pivot arm 138 with aspring mount 139 is rotatably mounted to the front shaft 104 andsimilarly to the rear shaft 106. The pivot arm connects to itsrespective wing and provides the mechanical leverage and mechanismneeded to open such wing during deployment and also to maintain suchwing in both the stowed and deployed position depending on the state ofthe deployment operation. The pivot arm 138 rotatably engages a lockplate 131, which in turn is rigidly mounted to the front shaft 104 andsimilarly to the rear shaft 106 such as by welding, pin or bolt. Thepivot arm 138 features one or more spring-loaded plungers 129 (shownhere in a wing stowed position) which travel along a raceway 140 duringthe wing deployment sequence towards deployed holes 133 that receive thespring-loaded plungers 129 and lock the wing in the deployed position,which in one embodiment is 90 degrees from the stowed position. Due tothe significant spring force required to open the wings and thecorresponding rotational inertia of the wings in motion along thedirection of the wing deployment arrow 142, an optional compressionspring 141 may be used to slow or stop the wing's opening motion in acontrolled fashion. The compression spring 141 may be a damper, asnubber, a rubber device, bumper or steel spring. The deployed holes 133may be shaped as ovals rather than as circles to allow the springplungers to rotate past their ideal deployed position as the compressionspring compresses to absorb the wing opening energy and then causes thespring-loaded plungers 129 to be moved back to their ideal and lockedpositions. The use of spring-loaded plungers 129 is not meant to belimiting. A person skilled in the art of mechanical engineering mayalternately use latches, pins and other such mechanisms to release andthen lock the wings between stowed and deployed positions withoutdeparting from the spirit of the present invention.

FIGS. 18A-18B illustrate a view of the UAV of the present invention withone front wing 103 and one rear wing 105 shown opposing each other toillustrate a diagonal extension spring deployment embodiment. The wingspar 137 of each of the two example wings can be seen for illustrativepurposes.

FIG. 19 is a view of the one front wing 103 and one rear wing 105 shownpartially overlapping each other as they would when installed in theirrespective stowed positions on the lid 102 (not shown) to illustrate adiagonal extension spring deployment embodiment. A hidden linerepresents a diagonally installed extension spring 143 that is connectedto the spring mount 139 holes of each wing's pivot arm 138. From thisview it can be appreciated that the extension spring 143 which is fullyextended, is extracting an equal force of potential energy on the pivotarms 138 of both wings that is biased towards pulling both wings open bypivoting around their respective shafts.

FIG. 20 is a top view of the UAV of the present invention with the onefront wing 103 and one rear wing 105 shown partially deployed toillustrate a diagonal extension spring deployment embodiment. It can beseen that the lock plates 131 remain fixed to the respective shaftswhile the pivot arms 138 are rotating from a stowed position to adeployed position and in this FIG. 20 are shown halfway between suchpositions for illustrative purposes. The potential energy of theextension spring 143 is shown acting in the direction of spring forcedirection arrows 144 to open both wings simultaneously as it contractsfrom its fully extended state to its relaxed spring state by pulling onthe spring mounts 139 of each wing's pivot arm 138. Wing deploymentarrows 142 show the equal and opposite wing deployment based on thisunique extension spring mechanism and arrangement as the front wing 103pivots around front shaft 104 and rear wing 105 pivots around rear shaft106.

FIG. 21 is an exemplary embodiment of the UAV of the present inventionwith the one front wing 103 and one rear wing 105 shown fully deployedin their respective positions on the lid 102 (not shown) to illustrate adiagonal extension spring 143 deployment embodiment and the fuselage 101and nosecone 108 are included in this figure to provide orientationalcontext. Although most of the potential energy of the extension spring143 has been used to open both wings simultaneously during thedeployment sequence, it may be desirable to install the extension spring143 such that a slight amount of potential energy remains in order toprovide a constant spring force holding the wings in position andassisting the locking mechanism in such location.

FIG. 22 is a top view of the UAV of the present invention with two frontwings 103 and two rear wings 105 shown fully deployed in theirrespective positions on the lid 102 (not shown) to illustrate the topview of the aircraft in flying condition. Fuselage 101 and nosecone 108are included in this figure to provide orientational context.

FIGS. 23A-23C are a series of three side views of the UAV illustratingthe fuselage 101, lid 102, nosecone 108 and an optional trailingparachute 145 that may be connected to fuselage 101 by one or morecanopy lines 146. The parachute may be a drogue chute that is pulledalong during the flight of the UAV and is sized by a person practicingthe present invention to create the minimal drag force necessary to keepthe UAV under adequate longitudinal control to prevent departure fromcontroller flight. In one embodiment, parachute 145 may be 9 inches indiameter. Several major advantages of the use of parachute 145 includethe elimination of the cost, complexity, size, weight and expense of avertical tail and rudder. One disadvantage of parachute 145 is theaddition of parasitic drag, which reduces the glide ratio of the UAV. Anoptional tail cone 147 may be used to reduce parasitic drag at the rearof the aircraft. The tail cone may be constructed from a series oftriangular flat panels to make storage and assembly simple in the field.Alternately, the tail cone 147 may be rounded or have compound curvesand shapes for aerodynamic efficiency. The tail cone may be hinged andassembled by a series of pins like the nosecone of the present inventionas described and illustrated in FIGS. 5, 7, 8 and 9. The tail cone mayinclude mounting provisions for a vertical tail 148 or a vertical tailmay be integral to the tail cone for simplicity and part reductionpurposes. The tail cone 148 facilitates longitudinal stability and canbe used instead of parachute 145 by a person practicing the presentinvention who desires to maximize aerodynamic efficiency and glideratio.

FIG. 24 is a top view of one wing of the UAV such as front wing 103. Awing spar 137 is shown for illustrative purposes. One or more flightcontrol surfaces 149 may be integrated or attached to wing 103 andconfigured as an aileron, elevator, flap, spoileron, or combination offlight control surfaces known to those skilled in the art of aircraftcontrol. The control surface 149 may be pivotably connected to wing 103by one or more pivots or aileron hinges 150. A flight control actuator151 may be connected to flight control surface 149 directly, or vialinkage. The flight control actuator 151 may be mounted to a wing rib152.

FIG. 25 is an exemplary control system 153 used as an autopilot for theUAV. The control system 153 can be a controller. In embodiments, controlsystem 153 is a guidance system. Control system 153 may include suchfeatures as pitot static tubes 154, one or more antenna 155 such as forremote flight control or telemetry, electrical connectors 156 such as toconnect the control system 153 to one or more flight control actuators151 (not shown). Additionally, mode selection buttons 157, an on/offswitch 158, status lights 159, and communication ports 160 may beincluded as part of the control system 153.

FIG. 26 is an alternate embodiment with a cylindrical fuselage 101 andnosecone 108, showing an exemplary placement of a control system 153 andone or more batteries 161 located in the nosecone of the UAV.Alternately, the control system 153 and batteries 161 may be located inthe lid 102 (not shown) or in one or more wings of the UAV. They mayalso be located in the fuselage or tail cone of the UAV.

The fuselage 101 can be used for carrying a payload of cargo orsupplies. The fuselage is illustrated as a substantially rectangularcross section, however, the shape of the fuselage is not limited and forexample may be a cylinder or other shape. In alternative embodiments thefuselage can have an irregularly shaped cross section. In yetalternative embodiments the fuselage can have a square cross section.The fuselage can be designed to carry any number of supply. The fuselagecan be designed to carry food or medicine. The fuselage can be designedto carry tools or ammunition. The fuselage can also be designed to carryvarious mechanical and/or electronic equipment. The type of electronicequipment is not limited, examples may include sensors, cameras, radios,batteries or portable electronics. The fuselage can be designed to carryfluid. For example, the fuselage can be designed to carry water or fuel.In exemplary embodiments the fuselage can also be designed to carrychemicals or hazardous materials.

The fuselage can be formed of any durable material. In exemplaryembodiments the fuselage is made of metal or metal alloy, wood and foam.In exemplary embodiments the fuselage can be made of aluminum (Al). Inalternative embodiments, the fuselage can be made of plastic. In yetalternative embodiments, the fuselage can be made of fiberglass. Thefuselage can alternatively be made of wood. In exemplary embodiments,the fuselage may also be formed using any combination of the aboveidentified materials. In preferred embodiments, the fuselage is made ofa light weight material. For example, a preferred embodiment can includea fuselage made of plywood and foam sandwich panels mounted within analuminum structure.

The fuselage can be equipped with any necessary equipment for the safestorage of the supply. For example, the fuselage can be equipped withimpact foam or other padding. In alternative embodiments, the fuselagecan be equipped with temperature controlled system that is able tomaintain the payload at a set temperature. The fuselage can be equippedwith insulation. The inside of the fuselage can be equipped with one ormore braces that can clamp the payload and tightly secure it in adesired manner. In exemplary embodiments, the inside of the fuselage canalso be compartmentalized such as with cargo bulkhead panels.

In an exemplary embodiment the UAV can carry a supply load of up to 700lb. in the fuselage. In one embodiment, the supply load can be containedinside a fuselage that is 2 feet by 2 feet by 8 feet. The supply loadcan be protected and suspended in high impact foam located inside thefuselage.

In exemplary embodiments the fuselage can be made to separate from theUAV and be used as a portable storage device. The fuselage can beequipped with features to ease its transport. The fuselage can beequipped with one or more handles. The fuselage can also be equippedwith wheels. The wheels can be retractable so as to prevent damageduring landing of the UAV. The wheels can also be fixed. Alternatively,the fuselage can be designed to be repurposed as a storage box. Afterlanding, the fuselage can be easily separated from the lid and wings andnose cone for ease of transport of the supply without necessitating thecarrying of any other portion of the UAV.

The pivoting wing systems can have any suitable wingspan. In exemplaryembodiments the wingspan of the front wing system having wings 103 canbe 14 feet and the wingspan of the rear wing system having wings 105 cansimilarly be 14 feet, giving an effective wingspan of 28 feet formaximum gliding capability of the 2′×2′×8′ fuselage 101 form factor. Inalternative embodiments the wingspan of either pivoting wing system canindependently be anywhere between one inch and 50 feet. For example, thewingspan can be 1 in, 6 in, 1 ft, 5 ft, 10 ft, 15 ft, 20 ft, 25 ft, 30ft, 35 ft, 40 ft, 45 ft, or 50 ft. These are just exemplary sizes. Thesize of the wingspan will depend on the overall size of the UAV, thepayload weight it must carry and the desired glide ratio, among otherfactors. In exemplary embodiments the one or more wings of the wingsystems can include an airfoil design. In preferred embodiments, theairfoil design is a National Advisory Committee For Aeronautics (“NACA”)4309 with a 3 ft chord. However, other designs, including designsgenerally known as NACA or NASA airfoils, may also be used. The one ormore wings that are part of the front and rear wing systems 203 and 205can also include one or more flight control actuators.

The one or more wings of the front and rear wing systems can includewing control surfaces 149 configured to control the aircraft in yaw (asin a flying wing design). For example, the one or more flight controlactuators can be used to control flight control surfaces such as flaps,spoilers, and/or ailerons that can be part of the one or more wings ofthe wing systems. The flight actuators can be electric actuators.Alternatively, the flight actuators can be pneumatic. In one pneumaticactuator embodiment, the fuselage may be designed to be airtight, andafter the payload is placed inside the fuselage, the fuselage may bepressurized with compressed air or other gas, which may then be used inflight to provide pressure to the pneumatic actuators for flightcontrol. This unusual control strategy is workable in the presentinvention, because of the very short duration flight times starting fromthe time of jettison at altitude all the way to the landing phase on theground, which in exemplary cases gives a total flight time for theaircraft of approximately 10-20 minutes. In alternative embodiments theactuators can be hydraulic actuators. The actuators can be controlled bythe on-board automatic flight guidance system. Alternatively, theactuators can be designed to receive commands from a remote operator.The connection to between the actuators and the on-board flight guidancesystem can be either wireless or by use of cables such as USB, Ethernet,fiberoptics and the like. Wireless connection can be radio, wi-fi, orsimilar method. The remote control signals can also be transmitted byway of any suitable wireless communication, including radio signals.

Use of ailerons can avoid the need for a vertical stabilizer or rudderto control yaw. In an exemplary embodiment the wing systems 203 and 205include at least two wings. Each wing can have an independently operableflight controls as illustrated in FIG. 24. For example each wing canhave an independently operable aileron. Each wing can also have anindependently operable spoileron or flap. Controlling of the flightcontrol actuators and thus of the ailerons, spoilerons or flaps can beperformed either by remote control or can be accomplished via acontroller 153 and control actuators 151 located on board of the UAV. Inexemplary embodiments the controller can determine the operation of theflight control actuators based on information such as global positioningsystem (GPS), altitude, desired destination, weather conditions, otherflight conditions and the like. A more detailed description of thecontrol equipment is provided later in this specification. Asillustrated in FIG. 23C, use of a small drogue parachute 145 trailingalong behind the flying UAV can also be used to obviate the need for avertical tail or rudder by creating sufficient longitudinal drag tomaintain the aircraft's orientation.

The flight control actuators and the control equipment on board the UAVcan be powered by a power source. The power source can be one or morebatteries 161. The one or more batteries can be stored anywhere on theUAV. In exemplary embodiments the batteries are also located inside theone or more wings of the wing systems. Each wing may have its ownbattery supply for redundant actuator operations. In alternativeembodiments the one or more batteries can be stored in the fuselage. Inthe alternative, the one or more batteries 161 can be located in thenose cone as illustrated in FIG. 26. Alternative power source to abattery can be a capacitor. A capacitor may be stored in similarlocations described above for the batteries. Other similar power storagedevices can also be employed. The storage device, be a battery,capacitor or other structure can be rechargeable.

The wings of the wing systems may be made of any suitable material. Inexemplary embodiments the wings are made of metal. For example, thewings can be made of aluminum. In alternative embodiments the wings canbe made of plastic. In yet alternative embodiments the wings may be madeof fiberglass. In exemplary embodiments the wings can also be made ofwood. In preferred embodiments the wings are made of the same materialas the fuselage. However, this is not required. In exemplary embodimentsthe wings may be made of a material different from that used for thefuselage. Also, in exemplary embodiments, the wings can be made of acombination of the above identified materials. In a preferred embodimentthe wings can be made of a foam core, metal structure and heat-shrinkplastic wing skins. In other embodiments, the wing spar and ribstructure may be injection molded or cast and then covered by sheetmetal, fiberglass, carbon fiber, balsa wood or fabrics. The wingstructure may be a resin impregnated wood material that is known to bestrong but also biodegradable.

The wings can be of any suitable shape. In exemplary embodiments, thewings of the wing systems have a rectangular shape. In alternativeembodiments the wings of the wing systems have a tapered shape.

The wings may also include a shear failure point. In exemplaryembodiments, the wings can break off during landing to further absorbthe impact. In alternative embodiments, the wings can be made to breakoff during, or even after landing to make the UAV easier to carry.

At the front end of the fuselage is a nose cone 108. The nose cone 108is illustrated in the shape of a four-sided pyramid, however, this shapeis not limited. Notwithstanding the nomenclature used herein, the nosecone can be in a shape other than a cone. In exemplary embodiments thenose cone has a generally circular cross section with a convex, roundedfront end. Alternatively, the nose cone can have a flat front end.Exemplary embodiments may include a nose cone with a concave front end.Also, the nose cone can have a non-circular cross-section. For example,the nose cone could have a square, rectangular or irregularly shapedcross section. Preferred embodiments include a nose cone that has anaerodynamic shape. In exemplary embodiments, the cross-sectional shapeof the nose cone will mimic the cross-sectional shape of the fuselage.In alternative embodiments, the nose cone will have a differentcross-sectional shape that is different from the cross-sectional shapeof the fuselage. As illustrated in FIGS. 23A-23B, a tail cone 147 may befitted to the rear of the fuselage to reduce drag in the same manner asthe nosecone is attached to the front of the fuselage. The tail cone 147may have a vertical tail protruding from the top surface. The tail conemay be rigid or inflatable. A scoop may ram air into the tail cone tokeep it inflated during flight. A series of spring steel wires may holdopen a flexible tail cone to its intended shape.

The nose cone can be integral to the fuselage or be detachable. Inexemplary embodiments where the nose cone is integral to the fuselage,the nose cone constitutes the front end of the fuselage and can beformed either of a contiguous material as the fuselage or can beseparately manufactured but permanently attached to the fuselage. Inalternative embodiments, the nose cone can be designed to be detachablefrom the fuselage. The nose cone can be made of any material used toform the fuselage. For example, the nose cone can be metal, wood,fiberglass, or plastic. In exemplary embodiments the nose cone is madeof aluminum or wood. The nose cone can be made to match the material asthe fuselage. In alternative embodiments, the nose cone is made of amaterial that is different from that of the fuselage. Likewise, adetachable nose cone can be similarly detached from the fuselage in anyof the previously described manners in which the fuselage can bedetached from the cargo hold either manually or by automation or remotecontrol.

The nose cone can provide additional storage capacity. In exemplaryembodiments, the nose cone can provide a storage space separate fromthat of the fuselage. In alternative embodiments, the nose cone canprovide a storage space that is contiguous to that of the fuselage. Thenose cone can also be equipped with an access door or be detachable fromthe fuselage so as to provide access to a storage box located inside thefuselage. In this manner the storage box can be easily removed from thefuselage from the front of the UAV. The nose cone can also be used tostore electronics components to the UAV such as GPS, controllers, one ormore transmitters, memory, power sources such as batteries and the like.In an exemplary embodiments as illustrated in FIG. 26, the nose cone isused to carry the control system as well as other controllers includingGPS, one or more transmitters, a memory, and one or more power sourcesfor the UAV. In exemplary embodiments, the nose cone can be designed tobear the impact of landing by including padding or crush foam sufficientto protect the supplies stored in the fuselage or elsewhere in the restof the UAV.

The UAV can include a guidance system 153. In exemplary embodiments, theguidance system can be an on-board autonomous system. Alternatively, theguidance system can be controlled via remote control. For example, theUAV may include a radio-controlled guidance system. In exemplaryembodiments, the UAV may include a combination of remote controlled andautonomous guidance system 153 as illustrated for example in FIG. 25. Inone embodiment, the UAV can include an on-board autonomous guidancesystem that can a user can override via radio control. Such autonomouscontrol systems typically comprise hardware and software elements. Thehardware of such systems is becoming known in the art of UAV guidancesuch as manufactured by 3D Robotics of San Diego, Calif. Autonomouscontrol software is becoming known in the art of UAV guidance and may beinstalled as firmware on various hardware platforms. One example ofautonomous UAV firmware is APM:Plane provided by 3D Robotics, which isopen source and thus can be easily customized for different unmannedaircraft configurations and missions. A mission planning software toolmay be used to pre-program the autonomous autopilot with coordinates andaltitudes for a particular mission. One example of such mission planningsoftware is Mission Planner Ground Control Station software provided by3D Robotics.

An on-board autonomous guidance system may include autopilot flightcontrols. The on-board autonomous guidance system can receiveinformation regarding the jettison or deployment location, the altitudeat which the UAV is jettisoned, and the intended landing location. Inaddition to the location, the information may also include the altitudeof the landing location. The landing altitude, however, is not strictlyneeded since it can also be determined from a terrain database ordetermined by an onboard ground proximity sensing system such as aremote sensing technology that measures distance by illuminating atarget with a laser and analyzing the reflected light, for example aLight Detection and Ranging system (LIDAR), laser altimeter, rangefinder, sonar sensor, infrared sensor, or a length of wire hanging belowthe fuselage of the UAV during flight with a sensor at the distal end ofthe wire configured to make first contact with the ground and transmit atriggering signal.

The information can be uploaded prior to jettisoning the UAV. Inexemplary embodiments, the information may be uploaded by way ofwireless telemetry, USB cable, Ethernet cable, fiberoptic cable, radiotransmission, wi-fi connection, or by physical connection or insertionof a memory device in or to the UAV. Alternatively, the information maybe provided or updated during deployment of the UAV, i.e. after the UAVhas been jettisoned. Any suitable wireless communication can be used totransmit the data to the UAV guidance system whether it is to activelycontrol the UAV or to feed information to the on-board autonomousguidance control system. In alternative embodiments, the on-boardautonomous guidance system can be designed to determine the location andaltitude of the UAV autonomously. In such exemplary embodiment, the onlyinformation to feed to the on-board autonomous guidance system is thelanding location. In addition to the landing location, the informationmay also include the altitude of the landing location. Although, thealtitude of the landing location can be also determined through othermeans described above, such as ground proximity sensing system or aterrain database. This information can be provided either before orafter the UAV is jettisoned. The information fed to the on-boardautonomous guidance system can be provided either by an operator or by amain frame or separate controller unit. Information about weatherconditions including, for example, wind speed and wind direction canalso be provided or sensed in real-time by on-board sensors such as anairspeed sensor compared to a second velocity sensor such as GPS with afunction of the difference in speed measurements representing theapproximate winds aloft direction and velocity.

The guidance control system 153 of exemplary UAVs may include globalposition system (GPS) waypoint navigation. The control system 153 mayinclude inertial measurement units that provide attitude information foraircraft, including heading, pitch, yaw, and roll. Exemplary embodimentsinclude mechanical gyroscopic flight instruments. Preferred embodimentsinclude an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS). AHRS caninclude either solid-state or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers on all three axes. Inexemplary embodiments, the guidance control system 153 can include 6degrees of freedom (DOF) AHRS. The guidance control system 153 can alsoinclude a pitot-static system that can be used to determine anaircraft's airspeed, Mach number, altitude, and altitude trend. Theguidance control system can also include a magnetic compass. The controlsystem can include a barometric pressure altimeter. As describedearlier, the control system can include a LIDAR laser altimeter. Thecontrol system can also include customizable autoland routines. Thecontrol system can also include an automatic stall prevention code. Thecontrol system can further include differential aileron algorithms. Thecontrol system can include failsafe modes. The control system can alsoinclude user configurable firmware. The control system can further beequipped with mission planning software.

The UAV can be jettisoned or deployed from either a stationary base or amoving craft. In exemplary embodiments, the UAV can be jettisoned ordeployed from a moving aircraft (mothership). The mothership can be anyaircraft that is capable of carrying and jettisoning the UAV. Themothership can be a manned aircraft. Alternatively, the mothership canitself be an unmanned aircraft. As an unmanned aircraft the mothershipcan either have its own autopilot or autonomous flight control system,or it can be controlled remotely. In exemplary embodiments, themothership may be a combination of manned and unmanned type of aircraftand autonomous and remotely controlled aircraft. In an exemplaryembodiment, the mothership can be a C-130 aircraft. Although othersimilar aircrafts can also be used. For example, CH-53 or MV-22 or anylike aircraft. The UAV can be carried inside the mothership, for examplein the cargo bay. In alternative embodiments, the UAV can be carriedoutside the mothership such as in a slingload configuration underneath amothership such as a helicopter. The operator of the mothership cancause the slingload to release the UAV at a location and altitude wherejettisoning is desirable. The slingload may comprise a cable or a net tohold the UAV. The cable may be released to jettison the UAV. In the caseof a cargo net, the net may be released partially or completely from themothership to cause the UAV to separate and fall away from themothership at a predetermined location. In alternative embodiments, theUAV can be placed inside a tube inside or external to the mothershipthat acts to keep the wings of the wing systems folded and once ejectedfrom the tube at the jettison location, the wings of the wing systemscan have a spring loaded deployment feature that causes the wings of thewing systems to rotate into a locking position once free of thedeployment tube.

In exemplary embodiments, the UAV described herein are expendable UAV(EUAV). EUAV can be designed for single deployment and can be producedvery cost effectively.

In an exemplary embodiment, the EUAV can be loaded with up to 700 lbs ofsupply. The EUAV can include the payload contained in a 2 ft×2 ft×6 ftfuselage. At full gross weight, the glide ration can be 10:1 and give astandoff distance of 23-49 miles when jettisoned at altitudes of 12,000and 25,000 feet, respectively.

The fuselage can also include provisions on its underbelly for forkliftskids as well as numerous lifting eyes and cargo rings to provide forsecure airborne transport to the drop zone. In exemplary embodiments theairframe can weigh 300 for the fuselage and wings, that together with a700 lb supply load results in a max gross weight of 1,000 lbs.

Autonomous flight can be accomplished by a modified COTS fixed-wingautopilot. The landing routine can begin when the on-board LIDAR sensordetects terrain proximity approximately 150 ft AGL and begins slowingthe EUAV craft, ultimately commanding all ailerons to their full downpositions to act as spoiler/flaps followed by a pitch-up, full stalllanding within 100 ft of the intended drop zone. The EUAV can achieve avertical sink rate of 0 fpm at the point of touchdown.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variation can be made in the present invention withoutdeparting from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it isintended that the present invention cover the modifications andvariations of this invention provided they come within the scope of theappended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. An unmanned delivery aircraft comprising: afuselage; a lid capable of engaging the fuselage; a first pivoting wingsystem connected to the lid; a second pivoting wing system connected tothe lid; wherein each of the first and second pivoting wing systems fitsinside the fuselage when the lid is engaged to the fuselage in awings-down orientation; and wherein each of the first and secondpivoting wing systems are configured to rotate from a stowed position toa deployed position outside of the fuselage when the lid is engaged tothe fuselage in a wings-up orientation.
 2. The unmanned deliveryaircraft of claim 1, wherein the first and second pivoting wing systemseach comprises two wings configured to rotate between a stowed positionand a deployed position.
 3. The unmanned delivery aircraft of claim 2,wherein a rotation angle between the stowed position and deployedposition is 90 degrees.
 4. The unmanned delivery aircraft of claim 2,wherein the two wings of the first pivoting wing system are verticallyspaced at different elevations relative to the two wings of the secondpivoting wing system.
 5. The unmanned delivery aircraft of claim 2wherein the first and second pivoting wing systems comprise at least oneof: a spring-loaded plunger; a latch; a pin; configured to hold at leastone wing in a stowed and/or deployed position.
 6. An unmanned deliveryaircraft comprising: a fuselage; a lid; a first pivoting wing attachedto a first end portion of the lid; a second pivoting wing attached to asecond end portion of the lid; a spring connecting the first pivotingwing to the second pivoting wing; a release mechanism restraining firstand second pivoting wings in stowed positions and resisting thepotential energy of the spring; wherein the triggering of the releasemechanism causes the potential energy of the spring to move first andsecond pivoting wings from stowed positions to deployed positions. 7.The unmanned delivery aircraft of claim 6, wherein the stowed anddeployed positions are determined by the geometry of a lock plate. 8.The unmanned delivery aircraft of claim 6, wherein the spring is anextension spring and connects to first and second pivoting wings througha pivot arm on each wing configured to provide mechanical leverage tocause the wings to pivot from stowed positions to deployed positions bythe potential energy of the extension spring.
 9. The unmanned deliveryaircraft of claim 6, comprising two pivoting wings attached to the firstend portion of the lid and two pivoting wings attached to the second endportion of the lid.
 10. The unmanned delivery aircraft of claim 9,wherein the vertical wing stack alternates between front and rear wings.11. An unmanned delivery aircraft comprising: a fuselage with an openside to receive cargo; a lid to engage the open side of the fuselage; afront pivoting wing system connected to the lid; a rear pivoting wingsystem connected to the lid; wherein each of the front and rear pivotingwing systems fits inside the fuselage when the lid is attached to thefuselage in a wings-down orientation; and wherein each of the front andrear pivoting wing systems are configured to rotate from a stowedposition to a deployed position when the lid is attached to the fuselagein a wings-up orientation.
 12. The unmanned delivery aircraft of claim11, wherein the fuselage is rectangular.
 13. The unmanned deliveryaircraft of claim 11, further comprising a nose cone and tail cone. 14.The unmanned delivery aircraft of claim 13, wherein at least one of thenose cone and tail cone are assembled by an operator from pieces locatedinside the fuselage.
 15. The unmanned delivery aircraft of claim 11,further comprising an on-board autopilot capable of autonomous flightcontrol.
 16. The unmanned delivery aircraft of claim 15, wherein theautopilot is located in a nose cone attached to the fuselage.
 17. Theunmanned delivery aircraft of claim 15, wherein the autopilot controlsone or more actuators connected to one or more flight control surfaceslocated in one or more wings.
 18. The unmanned delivery aircraft ofclaim 11, wherein the wings are triggered to rotate from a stowedposition to a deployed position by one or more static lines operating onone or more release mechanisms.
 19. The unmanned delivery aircraft ofclaim 11, further comprising a drogue parachute.
 20. The unmanneddelivery aircraft of claim 11, wherein each of the front and rearpivoting wing systems comprise two wings.